For scientists, it’s a finding that reads like a marine fairytale, the kind of scene that stretches the boundaries of an observer’s imagination. And yet, there it was: a magnificent beast, resting in a pile of its peers in the darkness of the abyss, on the floor of the sea, where no one had ever found sharks before. Thousands of sharks, who are rarely ever stationary, were resting together. It was a living carpet of sharks. The discovery is part of a larger leap forward in studying the secretive lives of sharks – a group of animals that remain largely mysterious to the scientific community.
A team led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) dove deep off the southeastern US coast equipped with new-fangled gizmos and satellite tags, and found themselves in the midst of a huge school of sharks – scalloped hammerheads, Caribbean reef sharks and more – resting on the bottom. Here were sharks, not as the frenzied predators we imagine, but as animals who rest and, possibly, even socialise.
Never before had the researchers witnessed this behaviour in such detail, thanks to sonar and submersibles. The sharks hovered in one place for hours, their fins limp. Normally known for motion, these great predators were still. It’s just one example of how a nexus of marine biology and technology might be opening a new window on shark life, one that these predators have kept cloaked from human eyes until now.
Sharks have long been perceived as creatures always on the hunt. It was thought that some shark species swam constantly to aid breathing. Seeing sharks seemingly catching their breath calls into question deep-rooted assumptions about shark behaviour: if they can sleep, it seems like they might be capable of more than non-stop predation. Once considered social misfits, sharks might prove to be more complex, capable of cooperating in ways previously unconsidered.
By learning why these sharks choose to rest together, and why they benefit from that behavior, we can learn more about shark ecology and apply the lessons to better conservation. Sharks are currently being threatened from overfishing and habitat destruction, and their presence in an ecosystem is essential for maintaining a healthy marine environment. Understanding their habits can help to develop better conservation plans for their survival into the future.
But this finding requires a rethink of how we protect sharks. With long-term social networks apparently responsible for patterns of collectively aggregated behaviour, protecting these spaces to sleep is of critical importance, too. There is a need to develop marine conservation strategies that encompass the new facets of how sharks live and interact.
As scientists strive to devise approaches to managing these shark masses, they are trying to learn more about these communal resting grounds and how they affect the lives and ecology of sharks. A growing understanding of sharks as nuanced, social animals could alter our perception of them, and have ripple effects upon how we define and approach marine conservation and research – as well as the role that sharks play in the ocean food web.
Such a foray into uncharted waters of shark behaviour is one that helps to draw back the veil over just how much of what’s going on down there we still have no idea. The more that researchers demystify the ocean, the closer we come to knowing the rich fabric of life that is playing out, in real time, right there beneath the waves.
It is a small step in the right direction, a reminder of the many wonders waiting to be discovered in the deep – and a harbinger of exciting discoveries that will help us dispel our idea of a homogeneous dark sea and instead revel in the dynamic, diverse, and intricate behaviours that take place beneath the waves.
In conclusion, the discovery of thousands of sharks stacked on top of each other in the deep sea is a monumental step for marine biology and conservation. By challenging our modern-day perception of sharks, we can begin to explore answers to their fascinating interactions beneath the waves, and explore new avenues for conservation. The move to uncover the secrets of the deep is well and truly underway. Sharks and the entire biosphere of the deep sea depends on it.
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