Flying on giant birds such as the 737 and the Dreamliner, most passengers are unaware of the underwhelming airplane that flies right below them – the Boeing 717, also known as the MD-95. Trimmed to the hard edge of jetliners, the 717 is a story of niche manufacturing that not only wrote a chapter in the history of air travel, but also trended a line in the aerospace family of the DC-9. So, what’s the history behind this less-than-modern jet, how does it compare to its contemporaries, and what twists of fate drove its destiny?
As an aircraft, the Boeing 717 (previously known as the MD-95, MD-99 and, originally, just the ‘McDonnell Douglas Jetliner’) was the purest definition of a derivative. Though Boeing would go on to produce it, the airplane didn’t originate at that company. It was a product of Douglas, and later McDonnell Douglas, which was arguably the most talented and innovative group of aeronautical engineers in modern times. The pioneers of the MD-95 created the DC-9, the smaller – yet highly successful – version of the enormous 747s that burned the sky in the 1970s. If the 727 was the first 717, then the DC-9 was the ancestral airplane that spawned the 717. It was a T-shaped tail, short-body aircraft with engines under the wings (the DC9/717/727 family differs from the rest of the 700 series in another key way: these three jets have the engines attached to the underside of the fuselage, under the wings. The rest of the 700 series has the engines mounted directly onto the wings).
As we dig deeper, we find the path marrying the evolution from the DC-9’s early days to the 717’s modernity as the aviation industry’s technological response to market needs As the DC-9 got older and was eventually redesigned as the MD-95, then the 717, we see that movement doesn’t stop. It was the maturity of that, during Boeing’s long ownership of the development of the DC-9. So, when Boeing took over the production of the DC-9, the essence of that planes’s narrative was inherited.
But the 717’s story changed dramatically when Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged – a partnership meant to expand horizons on both the commercial and defence fronts. The 717, with its mix of McDonnell Douglas originality and Boeing global power, became a focal point of the business deal.
It’s only when you place his plane next to its main competitor that you begin to understand what the 717 has going for it. On one side stands the 737-600, the smaller version of Boeing’s powerhouse, with a tight but economical configuration built for short-haul travel. These planes were beloved by certain airlines for their ability to cram more passengers than their 737 brethren on shorter runs.
Nevertheless, despite having a unique product and customers who loved its airplanes, the 717 was fighting to survive in a competitive marketplace in which Bombardier’s CRJ series and Embraer’s E-Jets embarked on a drive to dominate the turboprop market after entering it with their E170 jet. Inevitably, commercial aviation was an unforgiving business. Without the ability to reconfigure their models or trim costs, some manufacturers had to leave the field entirely.
The story of the 717 ends not with an explosion but with a slow curtsy. The retirement of the 717 was a time for Boeing toReflection on the end of the DC-9 line. Today, the 717 survives in the fleets of airlines such as Delta, Hawaiian and QantasLink, where it’s cherished for its reliability and passenger comfort, though plans are in place to replace it with new models.
In the shadow of the 737 MAX’s troubles, the search for a replacement direct 717 lineage is not clear, but the spirit of the 717 – in its everyday manoeuvrability, fuel-efficiency, and on-board accommodation – can still be seen in the future of commercial aviation.
Here, ‘max’ is more than a concrete term: it becomes part of the 717’s story, from the aircraft’s design to maximise its regional efficiencies, to its contest with the 737 MAX 7, to the 717 maximising its operations right down to its maximised legacy among the great airplanes.
From its MD-95 beginnings to its Boeing 717 branding and eventual demise, the 717’s existence mirrored the ups and downs of the aerospace industry. Its tale of mergers and acquisitions, and the highs and lows of competition and technological evolution, are a testament to the huge effort and ultimate utility of this oft-overlooked aircraft.
In remembering the Boeing 717’s story, its history is more than just that of an aircraft – it is also a tale of learning, shared legacies and the hope that a new technological concept might one day return the world to one that once belonged to something small but mighty.
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